Hans Heinz Holz
community today
The Party and its theoretical foundations
p.18
A party that does not merely give targets short-sighted and unwilling to adapt, opportunistically, to fluctuations of public opinion, but that proposal, however, resulting in a general alternative to the problems, contradictions and crisis of present society, can not take preconceived ideas or simply decreed from his leadership but must entrust them to theoretically consistent analysis, to develop the political consequences and bring them to constantly test: it must, in short, make sure the court from acting continuous theoretical and political reflection of this, again, the political practice .
If you do not operate in this way, the party does not correspond to the special historical role of class that even pretends to organize "the historical mission of the working class."
The change of social system political is a task that requires a party . Who, anticipating the consciousness of the masses, at the same time see to it that this awareness work hand in hand, to develop and nurture through the development and organization of experience in this society, in order to lead, then, in political behavior: a this party is the 'vanguard class, the bearer of social progress.
The development of class consciousness is a task of the Communist Party. It is the organization that sees the political struggle in the class struggle and directs.
The class consciousness includes theoretical concepts and this does not mean an academic knowledge, but the conquest of an understanding of history and society, which makes intelligible the fundamental lines and faces the fight of policy.
The Communist Party must develop internally life forms, this generating units of knowledge, attitude and behavior . The Communists may be the vanguard combative society, if they can be also his pioneering theoretical .
Inevitably, such a balance is not created automatically.
The party leadership must engage in theoretical and produce material for this purpose, it must stimulate internal discussion and must give way to the base contribution to the development tactics and strategic transfer the base of the central policy should not hinder the 'initiative device, because the presence of the party starts in the territory and in the individual workplace, the same class consciousness could develop only if the relevant experience and interests of individual areas and individual places of employment, the primary content of experience will evolve as the conscience of society in general and historical perspective. no effective political action can in violation of those conditions.
Communists mediation must occur in the dialectic of particular and general : what he calls the ' edge is its ability to better understanding on the basis of a better theory and worldview, but rather, the ability to fight better and with greater clarity on the face of daily life - clarity that, together, And bound to have a vision of the whole.
statutory guarantee of a democratic party that we build from the base is important to the same extent, in which it is the existence of militants who engage in Party work, the theoretical and on this basis, the participation in decision making concerning him .
is entirely understandable tendency to delegate to a leadership they trust the decisions of the party, rather than working with them. In this way, however, leads to a stiffening of life party and the establishment of a command structure way, even when the party leadership would not give in to the search for a simplified form of direction: the dialectic of the movement from top to bottom and vice versa needs that we commitments for its implementation, calls into question, then, the sense of responsibility towards the communist party to which they adhere : a sense of responsibility from which we must not give up, whatever difficulty that may entail. Only on this condition, the necessary party discipline is a force and not an impediment.
p. 23
1 - The party is responsible for the truth of the theory , against all forms of opportunism, of dogmatic rigidity of Meroe, school indoctrination.
The party must give organizational forms, allowing militants to establish a direct relationship with self and and theoretical foundations of the worldview of scientific socialism . (Magazines and newsletters for discussion, lectures, workshops, seminars etc.).
not forget the importance that the political movement of workers, has a tradition of collective action cultural training: at the time was a dominant force for the German Social relying on a knowledgeable and popular cultural activity among the class worker.
The theoretical discussion, the critical examination and comparison of ideas and opinions must be insured by the statutes of the party and become the actual practice of his inner life.
Condition of a broad discussion useful and theoretically capable of reflecting the situation is serious learning the basic concepts and methods of historical materialism and dialectical. The party is not the place of a pluralism of worldviews, but a variety of developments in the theory, the scientific and practical-political, which may be controversial, although occurring on the basis of a common worldview.
2 - A Party is not eminently a space for debate, but a 'political agenda once organization : which means that it is capable, at stated times, to make decisions.
As an organization of class struggle and as a minority, placed in the difficult conditions of vanguard, the party can not break up its business in the form of multiple, distinct currents : a function of the theoretical work is, also, to unify the will . This means that the point of decision, possible divergent views of individuals or groups can not remain in their autonomy : if the historical truth is realized (as we shall show) in the organizational form of the party, then the discipline party is a moment of truth and, therefore, that discipline is not a sociological category, but epistemological, and this is true even if possible, where knowledge of the individual are the most advanced level of consciousness achieved by the party as a whole.
The party can not, in the assessment of reality, be beyond the level of consciousness of all its members . (Hence the theoretical work is so important for the realization of the pioneering role of the party).
On the other hand, the increasing expertise of its members (including individuals), if included in the theoretical discussion inside the party, they raise the level.
short, the ' institutionalization of training and debate in the classroom and a view of the world is an indispensable component the organizational life of the party.
From this it follows quite clearly that it is appropriate fellow not organize themselves against each other in the villages and platforms but together fight for correct knowledge .
(This is true even for the same climate of opinion comparison dl: if the goal is the search for truth , is the inviolable right to make mistakes and who - according to other students or their majority - is in error, do not go for this maligned; the right to make mistakes, however, is not entitled to factionalism or dissent).
3 - The party can fulfill its function if it abandons the avant-garde ' units of his political views : Only on this condition, it has the power to convince others.
4 - Another self-evident, is that the organization of a political party can not rely on decentralization: a party is not the place, which coordinate different interest groups, regional placali, they may be; and this applies to the maximum degree for a communist party, because his unit is embodied in the community of theoretical positions and political : the centralization of political leadership is the organizational expression of this unity of ideas. Moreover, the centralized management is justified only if the binding decisions, it takes (because it is the only authorized to do so) and valid for the whole party, result of a continuous process of discussion and exchange of views and experience, which involves the base of the party .
The power of direction must correspond to the strength of the base and the communists should be recognized for the seriousness and extent of their commitment.
This does not mean, mind you, that they should be mobilized and simply let control in this sense, but rather means that the communists to participate continuously in the development of the party - and not only at Congress, but in his daily life - so that the consciousness of the militant engage or be engaged to ' interior of the core strategy are one and the same thing.
A party has to be centralized if he wants to be capable of political action, and can be democratic only if the activation of the base is the lifeblood of your organization and when the engagement between the basic activity of the party as a whole there is a continuous medizione , date, or the organizational system or by direct communication.
p.31
1 - The character
is no question the significance of the theory for a common strategy accordingly. Without a theoretical understanding of the situation in which we act, and spontaneous actions are limited to the special interests and the emotional relations of the groups that currently operate.
Describe a situation and give the decision-making and aims to be pursued at one fan in the theory, since the latter can be - Itself - a moment inside the practice. Precisely this unit allows knowledge, that occurs in practice and corrects .
But what gives a proper awareness as part of a proper political behavior is not just game that you play at the level of individual knowledge. The appraisal of a situation that is as line of march for an organization if, at least in basic features, is shared with full conviction of its militants , so as to be ready to engage in the policy accordingly. The
theory can not, therefore, be decreed by the "ideologues" ie by the theorists of the party, but must be developed and strengthened within the party itself . In this sense, every party activist is an "organic intellectual" of the working class, as Gramsci said.
Such a theoretical discussion and the process of formation, however, does not take place separate from political action. Clubs for discussion, as well as university and research institutes are flourishing these or those "opinions" that are incorrect or false, theories are developed around areas of reality, always with the aim of achieving a "pure knowledge". But because opinions and theories can lead to transformation revolutionary life and society, it must integrate into the political practice and that they are continually subjected to the verification of political experience.
The party is the place, which makes this interpenetration of theory and practice the same extent as the life of the party takes place with the active participation of militants ; is the place , in which one learns from experience, we build the theory, you change and connects to the practical and theoretical generalizations which are derived from the political consequences.
For the viability of a party, as a body that operates politically, nothing would be more damaging than the close of immobility dogmatism.
"We do not consider in any way, Marx's theory as something indisputable and concluded, on the contrary we believe that it has only provided the foundation of science which socialists must further develop in all directions , if you do not wish to fall behind in the course of life. " Lenin
Needless to say, power and effectiveness of any party organization can depend on the activities of its militants. The party statutes and the awareness that it have of themselves, often have the " you", which differ from the actual "is" the party itself, those "you", however, the organization of the party, have the crucial function of promoting the correction of deficiencies, to promote militant attivizzazione , stimulating the "subjective factor", that is the will, consciousness, the availability commitment. In particular, this is true in times of great crisis and ebb of the party.
try to promote the practical commitment of men, of course, is an enterprise doomed to failure, if they refer to an abstract morality. The correct understanding of a historical situation and the possibilities it offers, is the premise of action intended to success: the commitment to call for a specific purpose, claims that the same purpose is shown as realistic and not utopian; in other words, it must have to support comprehensive and penetrating analysis of the situation and must be related to a strategic concept realistic. Of course, this does not exclude the possibility of errors (no theoretical sketch can be perfect), that the party is called to correct. However, this is one more reason in favor of a continuing debate inner-party - based on experience - about the understanding we have of the political situation and to ensure that they effectively rooted in the minds of militants theoretical work belongs in the political .
With this view, the party is in the tradition of the Third International, therefore, within the Leninist conception of the party, pointing to political activity or spontaneistica nor purely pragmatic, but rather based on a clear vision of complete and contradictory social processes, on the understanding of the laws and safe driving forces of history.
Stefano Garroni
If we start from the importance of theory in the party and the belief that the theory is practice a moment, and then there are the specialists "practice, it is clear that the node becomes a militant of the characteristics of an all-important.
task is indeed to give the organization the tools to militants to relate directly to the theoretical and political problems that arise without the mediation of "superior".
This means that the subjective maturity of a member of the party is a key feature if you want to overcome the mass party as a means of ruling groups might conflict with each other.
only way you can rebuild, reestablish, a party that actually has a minimum requirement in order to avoid deviations, dogmatic or advisable, which continually confronts the reality objectively.
follows from this that the theory is necessarily linked to the practice and thus the overall political agenda. So do not give a party that did not connect the two, and instead privileges pluralism and the comparison views of an end in itself. Political debate, theoretical and political action are therefore essential elements in themselves but evidently do not guarantee the homogeneity and overcoming internal contradictions that inevitably arise in the course of political events.
Here comes into play the issue of democracy in the party which is a question which must be answered in a much more comprehensive and detailed than we do now.
We just follow instead a reflection of Holz that seems important to us.
First, democratic centralism, namely the possibility concrete intervention in the reality of the party in a unified way, is preserved as the moment of truth, in other words, the united action allows anyone to verify in practice the right choices and wrong and thus arrive at "truth "in the sense of understanding of things.
provide this element, it is clear that this is not said that emerged contradiction is resolved or will be resolved within the required time.
should find a method that allows this in a positive resolution. Often the road has been traveled toward the interior of platforms opposing or even rupture of the organizational . The author instead proposes a different way that seems convincing.
If we step back to previous pages to the point where he addressed the issue of "inner necessity" of the historical process and development of reality has been said that for the bourgeois state, the truth is to expose their point of view based on free choice enshrined in the current law.
For Marxists but the reality can not be stated according to their own opinion, but since in reality the conditions exist for the different possibilities their own development, the task and then that of ' objective analysis, evaluation of developments may be involved in a particular situation and the testing of hypotheses choices.
In other words, is not conclusive opinion of individual militants but the study of reality and a collective work that must get to check .
If this is true, it is clear that the method must be established when there is a difference is not to express their individual opinions or village, but if the strategic interest is the same, provided this preliminary and decisive, the to initiate a theoretical and practical work unit that retracing in an analytical issues put them at different positions to make a collective check on the progress of the views expressed, while maintaining, on the basis of democratic centralism, the capacity for initiative on the political unit.
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